Improvement in machines for cutting files



rares PATENT lirica.

EDWARD RUcKLIN, JR., 0F PAWTUGKET, AssreNoR To HiMsELF AND LYsANDRR rLAee, JR., 0F SMITHFIELD, RHODE ISLAND.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING FILES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 52,926, dated February 27, 1866.

specification, in which- Figure 1, Sheet No. 1, is a side elevation of lny invention; Fig. 2, a plan or top view of the same; Fig. 3, a detached side sectional view of a clamp pertaining to the same, taken in the line e z', Fig. 2; Fig. 4, Sheet No. 2, a vertical longitudinal section of a portion of the same, taken in theline so or, Fig. 2, Fig. 5,

a transverse vertical section of the same, taken y in the line -y y, Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 a vertical section of a portion of the same, taken in the line zz, Fig. 5. l

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

This invention relates to a new and improved machine for cutting files; and it consists, first, in an improved feed mechanism for feeding the le to the cutter, whereby the speed of the lile may be varied according to the size of tooth required.

The invention consists, second, in an improved tlebed so constructed and arranged that les of different shapes may be attached l' thereto.

The invention consists, third, in anuim proved means for adjusting the cutter to suit the shape or form of the file in its longitudinal profile.

The invention consists, fourth, in a means for graduating the strength of the 'spring accordin g to the strength of blow required to be given the cutter.

The invention consists, fifth, in a novel and improved arrangement of y the cutter-stock, whereby the cutter may with the greatest facility be adjusted to give the file-blank the different cuts required.

The invention consists, sixth, in an adjustable double spring, whereby the hammer may be operated upon with greater or less force, as circumstances may require.

The invention consists, seventh,in a means for holding or securing the file in its bed, whereby the iile may be firmly held in position and very readily attached to and detached from the bed.

A represents the bed-piece of the-machine, the upper surface of which is slightlyinclined from a horizontal position, as shown in Figs. l and 3, and has a dovetail groove, a, made in each side near its upper surface, as shown in Fig. 4.

B is a slide or carriage, which is fitted on the bed-piece A and has a tongue, b, at each side, to fit into the grooves et c, the slide or carriage being held on the bed-piece, but allowed to work freely back and forth thereon.

The slide or carriage has an arm, C, extending horizontally from one side of it, and at the outer end of this arm there is an eye, D,

through which a screw, E, passes, said screw having its bearings o at the side of the bedpiece. There is no screw-thread in the eye D for the screw E to work in; but said eye has a tube, F, at its upper part, in which a pin, d, is fitted, with a spiral spring upon it, and a camlever, c, attached to its upper end. By adjusting this lever c the-pin (Z may be made to engage with the screw E or be detached from it. (See Fig.1.) This pin dforms the only connection between the screw E and the slide or carriage B, and communicates motion to thelatter from the former. The screwE is rotated bybevel-gears j' from a shaft, G, which has two ratchets, H H, upon it, with which pawls I I engage, said pawls being pivoted to arms g, which project from collars 7L h placed loosely on the shaft G.

Each arm g has an adjustable bar, t', attached to it byset-screws j, the latter passing through oblong slots k in the bars into the arms, and the bars i are connect by rods l l to eccentrics m m 011 the driving-shaft J of the machine, said eccentrics being placed in opposite positions on the shaftJ. By this arrangement the pawls I I are made to act alternately on the ratchets H H, and the screw E turned and motion given to the slide or carriage B, the speed of the latter being varied by adjusting the bars t' farther in ,or out on the pawl-armsg. The farther inward the bars are adjusted on the arms g the quickerwill be the feed-movementof the slide or carriage B, and the slower said movement will be as the bars i are adjusted outward. This variation in the speed of the slide or carriage is necessary in order that the les may be cut with different-sized teeth, or coarser and finer files cut, as desired.

The slide or carriage B has a cavitym, made longitudinallyin its uppersurface, and of semicircular form in its transverse section, and in -this cavityfthere is titted a cylinder,K, which is the iile-bed. (See Fig. 5,) This file-bed has a series of longitudinal groovesl or recesses made in its periphery corresponding in form to that of the files to be eut, o representing a rectangular recess for a Hat-file blank, p a half or quarter round recess for a half or quarter round tile, and (l a V-shaped recess for a triangular tile, By this means the same tile-bed l may be made to answer for the different kinds of files to be cut, the bed K beingturned in the slide or carriage until the proper recess is uppermost.

The file-blanks are held in position by having the tang at one end inserted in an eye at the rear end of the recess in which the blank is fitted, a clamp, L, grasping the front end of the blank. vThis clamp is composed of two prongs, r r, projecting from an arm, s, the inner sides of the prongs from the points backward being beveled so as to catch over and bind on the outer-end of the blank, and these prongs are not only beveled longitudinally, but also transversely, as shown at t, in order that the front end of the le-blank may be held down in the recess or prevented from rising. (See Fig. 3.) This clamp L is attached toa spring. or elastic plate, M, which is seS cured to the front or outer end ofthe slide or carriage B, and said spring has a tendency7 t0 press the clamp over the outer end of the le blank. By this simple device the blank may be veryreadil y adjusted to and detached from the bed K, and when adjusted firmly held in position.

N represent a stock in which the cutter O is placed. This stock works on a pendent journahu, as a center,said journal being fitted in a plate, P, attached to a bar, Q, the ends of which are provided with journals fu, fitted in bearings '1v on a framing, B, attached to the bed-piece A.

The cutter O is fitted looselyin a slot inthe stock N, and is retained or held up by a spring, a, attach ed to a nut, b', through which a ver tical screw, b", passes. By turning the screw bxthe cutter may be adjusted higher or lower, as desired, and the shortness from wear compensated for, and by turning the stock N the cutter O may be placed so as to cut transversely across the le-blan k at rightangles, or in an.

oblique position relatively therewith either to the right or lett. The cutter-stock is retained or held so that the cutter may operate upon the tile-blank in these different positions by l means of a pin, d', fitting in holes e in the plate P.

The rear part of the plate P rests upon spiral springs S S, the journals c being at the front end, and to the front end of plate'P l there is attached an'arm,f, in which a vertical bar, g, is screwed, said bar having a roller, h', in its lower end, which roller works on a pattern or shaper, T, at one side of the slide or carriage B. `This pattern or shaper T, as the slide or carriage B is moved along, actuates the plate P and raises or lowers the cutter O, so that the cutter will penetrate the tileblank a uniform depth, the pattern or shaper T corresponding in form to the file-blank. (See Figs. 2 and 4.)

V The cutter is struck by a hammer, U, the arm V ot' which works on pivots or a shaft, the hammer being raised by cams V on the driving-shaft J and forced down by a spring, W, attached tothe framing R. This spring W is composed of two'parts, t t. In fact, there are two springs, one placed over the other, the upper one being adjustable, so that it may be turned over upon the lower one when a strong blow of the hammer is required. When a light blow is required the upper spring i is turned oft' from the lower one. A further means for modifying the strength of this spring consists of a curved bar, X, one end of which is pivoted to the framing R, and the opposite end provided with a roller, Y, which rests upon a track, Z, attached to one side of the slide or carriage B, and having an irregular upper surface, as shown clearly in Fig. 4. 4Upon this bar X the lower end of a rod, A', rests, said rod being t-ted in suitable guides attached to the framing R, and the upper end of said rod being underneath a lever, B', the t'ulcrum-pin j of which is in a bearing, C', on the framing R. The upper part of the rod A is bentin crank form, so that it may be turned to bear against the under side ot' the lever B', nearer to or farther from its center, as required. The front end of the lever B bears upon the spring W each time a prominence on the track Z raises the roller Y, and with a greater or less pressure, according to the distance the upper end of the rod A is adj usted from the fulcrum of the lever B. This variable pressure of the spring W causes'the file-blank to be cut at intervals with teeth rather greater in depth, so that more prominent burrs will be thrown up, rendering portions of the file more prominent than other parts. This I deem an advantage, as `I consider the le is rendered more durable thereby, as all portions f its surface are not used at once, the prominent portions being rst worn down, and then the less prominent portions used.

The track Z, it will be understood, is made to conform to the longitudinal proiile of the file-blank, or it may be described as being thus made and the grooves or indentations then formed in it, the tops of the several prominences, as well as the centers of the concaves between, touching curved lines which correspond to the longitudinal profile of theV fileblank.

This machine is extremely simple, and will operate well. It contains no parts which will v with the greatest facility.

The feed arrangement affords superior advantages for disconnecting the slide or car# riage from the screw, so that the former may be shoved back at the termination of each cut of the blank, all that is required being simply to raise the pin d from the screw E, which may be done with the greatest facility through the medium of the cam-lever e.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. rlhe screw E, operated by the ratchets H H and pawls I l, in combination with the adjustable pin d, fitted in the eye D, attached to an arm, U, connected with the slide or carriage, all arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth 2. Connecting the eccentric-rods l l to the pawl-arms g through the medium of adjustable bars z', for the purpose of varying the speed of the feed, all constructed and arranged substantially as described.

3. The cylindrical file-bed K, provided with a series of longitudinal recesses to suit fileblanksof different forms, as set forth.

4. rlhe clamp L, constructed 'and applied substantially as shown and described, for holding the file-blanks in 0r to the bed K.

5. The plate 'P, on which the cutter-stock N is fitted, arranged with springs S S and journals c, in combination with the pattern or shaper T at the side of the slide or carriage, on which a roller, h, at the lower end 0f a bar, g, attached to the plate l?, rests, all arranged as shown, for the purpose of adjusting the cutter to suit the shape of the file-blank, substantially as set forth.

6. The cutter-stock N, fitted to the plate P so as to be capable of adjustment thereon, to place the cutter in a proper relative position with the file-blank to suit the different cuts required, all constructed and arranged substantially as described.

7. The duplex or double spring W, arranged with a movable upper part, i', so that said upper part may be turned over the lower part or moved off from it, according to the strength of the blow required to be given the hammer.

8. The giving of stronger blows to the hammer intermittently by means of the track Z, having an irregular upper surface, the pivoted bar X, with roller Y attached, resting upon said track, the rod A and'lever B', all arranged to operate substantially in the manner as and for the purpose set forth.

9. rlhe cutter 0, fitted in the stock N and retained by a spring, a,'adjustable substantially in the manner as and for the purpose specified.

EDWARD BUGKL1N,JR.

Witnesses WM. DEAN OVERELL, M. M. LIVINGSTON. 

